Atletismoa Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan
Atletismoa Udako Olinpiar Jokoen edizio guztietako egitarauan egon da, lehenengo aldia Atenasen (Grezia) izan zen, 1896ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan. Bost kirol bakarrik egon dira edizio guztietan: Atletismoa, Txirrindularitza, eskrima, gimnastika eta igeriketa.
Jokoen hasierako urteetan gizonezkoentzat bakarrik antolatu zuten, baina emakumeentzakoa 1928ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan hasi zen Amsterdamen (Herbehereak), hasi zen. 2020ko Tokioko Olinpiar Jokoetan, lehen aldiz proba misto bat sartu zen, 4x400m erreleboak.[1]
Kirol honen dominatzaile nagusia Ameriketako Estatu Batuak dira, eta bigarren maila batean Sobietar Batasuna, Erresuma Batua eta Finlandia oso gertu.
Laburpena
aldatuPrograma
aldatuGizonezkoen probak
aldatuGizonezkoen atletismo programari ez zaio proba berririk gehitu 1956an martxa laburra gehitu zitzaionetik. Proben zerrenda ez da harrezkero aldatu, 1976an martxa luzea desagertu zenean izan ezik, ondoren berreskuratu zen proba 2020ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetara arte. Martxa luzea emakumezkoen programan ez zen inoiz egin. Emakumezkoen programan, dekatloiaren ordez heptatloian egiten da eta 110 metro hesien ordez 100 metro hesiak. Zerrendari gehitutako emakumezkoen azken proba 3.000 metro oztopoak izan zen, 2008an.
Gizonezkoen txapelketan 52 proba egin dira guztira, baina egungo zerrendak 23 proba ditu. Kendutako proba asko modernoen antzekoak ziren, baina iraupen ezberdinekoak, batez ere oztopoen, hesien eta martxa atletikoaren diziplinetan. Taldekako lasterketen probak ezabatu egin dira, Jokoen lehen sei edizioetan agertu ostean. Triatloi atletikoa (ezohiko proba bat, behin bakarrik egiten zena, eta bertan luzera jauzian, pisu jaurtiketan eta 100 metroetan lehiatzen ziren gimnastek parte hartzen zutena) eta pentatloiko diziplina dekatloiaren mesedetan kendu ziren, eta proba ezberdinetako erreleboen ordez mota berdinekoak ezarri ziren. Jada ez da zutikako jauzi egiteko lehiaketarik egiten, ezta 1908an eta 1912an egin ziren jaurtiketa proba aldatuak ere. Krosa 1912 eta 1924 arteko programan egon zen, eta atletismoko probarik garrantzitsuena da ez dena Olinpiar Jokoetan egiten.
Proba | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Urteak |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 metro |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
200 metro |
– | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 29 |
400 metro |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
800 metro |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
1500 metro |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
5000 metro |
– | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 |
10.000 metro |
– | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 |
Maratoia |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
110 metro hesiak |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
400 metro hesiak |
– | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 28 |
3000 metro oztopoak |
– | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 |
4 × 100 metro erreleboak |
– | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 |
4 × 400 metro erreleboak |
– | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 |
20 kilometro martxa |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 18 |
Gorako jauzia |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
Pertika jauzia |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
Luzera jauzia |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
Jauzi hirukoitza |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
Pisu-jaurtiketa |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
Disko-jaurtiketa |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 30 |
Mailu-jaurtiketa |
– | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 29 |
xabalina-jaurtiketa |
– | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 27 |
Dekatloia |
– | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 |
Guztira | 12 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
Desagertutako probak
aldatuJada egiten ez den proben artean 50 kilometroko martxa da nabarmenena, 20 aldiz egin baitzen 2020ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetara arte.
Proba | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Urteak |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 kilometro martxa |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | - | 20 |
- Bi-bost aldiz egin ziren probak
- 60 metro: 1900, 1904
- 200 metro hesiak: 1900, 1904
- 3000 metroko talde lasterketa:1912, 1920, 1924
- 10 kilometro martxa: 1912, 1920, 1924, 1948, 1952
- Pentatloia: 1912, 1920, 1924
- Zutikako luzera jauzia: 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912
- Zutikako jauzi hirukoitza: 1900, 1904
- Zutikako gorako jauzia: 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912
- 56 liberako pisu-jaurtiketa: 1904, 1920
- Kros
- Behin baino egin ez ez ziren probak
1900eko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan
1904ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan
1908ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan
- 3200 metro oztopoak
- Erreleboak estiloak
- 3-milia talde-lasterketa
- 5 milia
- 3500 metro martxa
- 10 milia martxa
- Disko-jaurtiketa, greziar estiloa
- Xabalina-jaurtiketa, estilo librea
Emakumezkoen probak
aldatuEmakumezkoak 1928ko Udako Olinpiar Jokoetan hasi ziren parte hartzen atletismoan. Gaur egun 23 proba egiten dira, gizonezkoen kasuan bezainbeste.
Proba | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
100 metro |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 23 |
200 metro |
– | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 |
400 metro |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 |
800 metro |
X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 18 |
1500 metro |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 |
5000 metro |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
10.000 metro |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 |
Maratoia |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 11 |
100 metro hesiak |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 |
400 metro hesiak |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 11 |
3000 metro oztopoak |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | 5 |
4 × 100 metro erreleboak |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 23 |
4 × 400 metro erreleboak |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 |
20 kilometro martxa |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
Gorako jauzia |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 23 |
Pertika jauzia |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
Luzera jauzia |
– | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 |
Jauzi hirukoitza |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 8 |
Pisu-jaurtiketa |
– | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 20 |
Disko-jaurtiketa |
X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 23 |
Mailu-jaurtiketa |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 |
Xabalina-jaurtiketa |
– | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 22 |
Heptatloia |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 11 |
Event | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | Games |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
80 metro hesiak |
– | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − | - | 8 |
Pentatloia |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − | − | 5 |
3000 metro |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | − | − | 3 |
10 kilometro martxa |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | − | − | 2 |
Guztira | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
Proba mistoak
aldatuProba | 20 | 24 | Urtea |
---|---|---|---|
4 × 400 metro erreleboak |
X | X | 2 |
35 kilometro martxa taldeka |
– | X | 1 |
Guztira | 1 | 2 |
Dominak
aldatuRankinga | Herrialdea | Urrea | Zilarra | Brontzea | Guztira |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ameriketako Estatu Batuak (USA) | 358 | 280 | 223 | 861 |
2 | Sobietar Batasuna (URS) | 64 | 55 | 74 | 193 |
3 | Britainia Handia (GBR) | 56 | 87 | 77 | 220 |
4 | Finlandia (FIN) | 48 | 36 | 30 | 114 |
5 | Kenya (KEN) | 38 | 43 | 36 | 117 |
6 | Ekialdeko Alemania (GDR) | 38 | 36 | 35 | 109 |
7 | Polonia (POL) | 29 | 20 | 18 | 67 |
8 | Jamaika (JAM) | 27 | 39 | 27 | 93 |
9 | Italia (ITA) | 24 | 16 | 28 | 68 |
10 | Etiopia (ETH) | 24 | 15 | 23 | 62 |
11 | Australia (AUS) | 22 | 29 | 32 | 83 |
12 | Suedia (SWE) | 21 | 23 | 41 | 85 |
13 | Alemania (GER) | 20 | 30 | 37 | 87 |
14 | Kanada (CAN) | 19 | 19 | 33 | 71 |
15 | Errusia (RUS) | 18 | 21 | 19 | 58 |
16 | Frantzia (FRA) | 13 | 28 | 30 | 71 |
17 | Mendebaldeko Alemania (FRG) | 12 | 14 | 17 | 43 |
18 | Txina (CHN) | 12 | 13 | 18 | 43 |
19 | Kuba (CUB) | 11 | 14 | 20 | 45 |
20 | Errumania (ROU) | 11 | 14 | 10 | 35 |
21 | Txekoslovakia (TCH) | 11 | 8 | 5 | 24 |
22 | Zeelanda Berria (NZL) | 11 | 4 | 13 | 28 |
23 | Hungaria (HUN) | 10 | 13 | 18 | 41 |
24 | Herbehereak (NED) | 10 | 8 | 12 | 30 |
25 | Norvegia (NOR) | 10 | 8 | 8 | 26 |
26 | Hego Afrika (RSA) | 9 | 15 | 6 | 30 |
27 | Grezia (GRE) | 9 | 12 | 11 | 32 |
28 | Japonia (JPN) | 8 | 10 | 10 | 28 |
29 | Maroko (MAR) | 8 | 5 | 8 | 21 |
30 | Talde Bateratua (EUN) | 7 | 11 | 3 | 21 |
31 | Belgika (BEL) | 7 | 6 | 4 | 17 |
32 | Bahamak (BAH) | 7 | 2 | 5 | 14 |
33 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 5 | 8 | 6 | 19 |
34 | Espainia (ESP) | 5 | 6 | 9 | 20 |
35 | Brasil (BRA) | 5 | 4 | 12 | 21 |
36 | Portugal (POR) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 13 |
37 | Txekiar Errepublika (CZE) | 5 | 3 | 8 | 16 |
38 | Uganda (UGA) | 5 | 2 | 2 | 9 |
39 | Alemaniako Talde Bateratua (EUA) | 4 | 18 | 8 | 30 |
40 | Aljeria (ALG) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
41 | Irlanda (IRL) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
42 | Mexiko (MEX) | 3 | 6 | 2 | 11 |
43 | Bielorrusia (BLR) | 3 | 5 | 7 | 15 |
44 | Trinidad eta Tobago (TTO) | 3 | 4 | 8 | 15 |
45 | Ukraina (UKR) | 3 | 3 | 15 | 21 |
46 | Bahrain (BRN) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
Dominikar Errepublika (DOM) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | |
48 | Lituania (LTU) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
49 | Kroazia (CRO) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
50 | Nigeria (NGR) | 2 | 5 | 7 | 14 |
51 | Argentina (ARG) | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
52 | Tunisia (TUN) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
53 | Ekuador (ECU) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
54 | Estonia (EST) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
55 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
56 | Kamerun (CMR) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Luxenburgo (LUX) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
58 | Kolonbia (COL) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
59 | India (IND) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
60 | Austria (AUT) | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 |
61 | Qatar (QAT) | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
62 | Botswana (BOT) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
Eslovenia (SLO) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |
64 | Grenada (GRN) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
65 | Venezuela (VEN) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
66 | Burundi (BDI) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Hego Korea (KOR) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Santa Luzia (LCA) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Talde mistoa (ZZX) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Txinako Errepublika Txantiloi:Font | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
71 | Panama (PAN) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
Puerto Rico (PUR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
73 | Mozambike (MOZ) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
74 | Dominika (DMA) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Eslovakia (SVK) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Pakistan (PAK) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Siria (SYR) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Tajikistan (TJK) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
79 | Suitza (SUI) | 0 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
80 | Namibia (NAM) | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
81 | Danimarka (DEN) | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
82 | Letonia (LAT) | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
83 | Jugoslavia (YUG) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
Sri Lanka (SRI) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
Tanzania (TAN) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
Txile (CHI) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
87 | Islandia (ISL) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Taipei Txinatarra (TPE) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Zambia (ZAM) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
90 | Bohemia (BOH) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Boli Kosta (CIV) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Guatemala (GUA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Haiti (HAI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Iran (IRI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Saudi Arabia (KSA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Senegal (SEN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Sudan (SUD) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
98 | Filipinak (PHI) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Mendebaldeko India Britainiarrak (BWI) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Turkia (TUR) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
101 | Australasia (ANZ) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Barbados (BAR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Burkina Faso (BUR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Djibuti (DJI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Eritrea (ERI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Serbia (SRB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
Guztira (106 herrialdea) | 1075 | 1084 | 1073 | 3232 |
Erreferentziak
aldatuIkus, gainera
aldatu- Atletismoko gainmarkak Olinpiar Jokoetan
- Atletismoa 1906ko udako Olinpiar Jokoetan. Edizio hau Nazioarteko Batzorde Olinpikoak (COI) ofizialki onartu ez dituen Joko Tartekatuei dagokie.
Kanpo estekak
aldatu- (Ingelesez) Olinpiar Bilatzailea
- (Ingelesez) www.sports-reference.com - Atletismoa Artxibatua 2012-11-26 Wayback Machine.