Lankide:Luistxo/Proba Pueblo

List of Pueblos

New Mexico

• Acoma Pueblo – Keres speakers. Known for its location atop a mesa. Established in the 12th Century, it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the United States.
• Cochiti Pueblo – Keres speakers. Known for its ceramic storyteller figurines, drums, and the nearby Cochiti Dam
• Isleta Pueblo – Tiwa speakers. Established in the 14th century. Located on the southern outskirts of Albuquerque.
• Jemez Pueblo – Towa speakers. Known for its runners and running ceremonies.
• Kewa Pueblo (formerly Santo Domingo) – Keres speakers. Known for turquoise work and the Corn Dance.
• Laguna Pueblo – Keres speakers. Known for its well-preserved 17th Century mission church.
• Nambé Pueblo – Tewa language speakers. Established in the 14th century. Was an important trading center for the Northern Pueblos.
• Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo (formerly San Juan) – Tewa speakers. Headquarters of the Eight Northern Indian Pueblos Council. Home of Popé, one of the leaders of the 1680 Pueblo Revolt against Spanish colonizers.

  

  Taos Pueblo, view from the South

• Picuris Pueblo – Tiwa speakers. Known for its micaceous pottery.
• Pojoaque Pueblo – Tewa speakers. Re-established in the 1930s.
• Sandia Pueblo – Tiwa speakers. Established in the 14th Century. Located on the northern outskirts of Albuquerque.
• San Felipe Pueblo – Keres speakers.
• San Ildefonso Pueblo, Tewa speakers. Famous for its valuable black-on-black pottery. Located between Pojoaque and Los Alamos.
• Santa Ana Pueblo – Keres speakers.
• Santa Clara Pueblo, – Tewa speakers. Established in the 16th Century. Located near Española.
• Taos Pueblo – Tiwa speakers. Known for its architecture. Established in the 11th Century, it is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the United States.
• Tesuque Pueblo – Tewa speakers. Known for the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Camel Rock Monument, and its ceramic Rain God figurines. Located near Santa Fe.
• Zia Pueblo – Keres speakers. Known for their sun symbol, which is New Mexico's state flag.
• Zuni Pueblo – Zuni speakers. Known for being the first Pueblo visited by the Spanish in 1540.

Arizona

• Hopi Tribe Nevada-Kykotsmovi – Hopi language speakers. Area of present villages settled around 700 AD

Texas

• Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, El Paso, Texas – originally Tigua (Tiwa) speakers. Also spelled 'Isleta del Sur Pueblo'. This Pueblo was established in 1680 as a result of the Pueblo Revolt. Some 400 members of Isleta, Socorro, and neighboring pueblos were forced out or accompanied the Spaniards to El Paso as they fled Northern New Mexico. The Spanish fathers established three missions (Ysleta, Socorro, and San Elizario) on the Camino Real between Santa Fe and Mexico City. The San Elizario mission was administrative (that is, non-Puebloan).
• Some of the Piro Puebloans settled in Seneca, and then in Socorro, Texas, adjacent to Ysleta (which is now within El Paso city limits). When the Rio Grande flooded the valley or changed course, as it commonly has over the centuries, these missions have sometimes been associated with Mexico or with Texas due to the changes. Socorro and San Elizario are still separate communities; Ysleta has been annexed by El Paso.
• The Texas Band of Yaqui Indians are descended from the Yaqui or "Yoeme" people, the most southern of the Pueblo peoples of the Capitan dialect. They were prevalent throughout the entire southwestern states of Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico; and in Texas, Arizona, and California of the United States. The Texas Band are descendants of Mountain Yaqui fighters who fled to Texas in 1870, after having killed Mexican soldiers in the State of Sonora. Many of their descendant families organized as a band with self-government in 2001; they have been recognized as a tribe by a legislative resolution of the state of Texas. all members have documentation of Yaqui ancestry dating to Yaqui Territory of the 1700s.
• Firecracker pueblo, Jornada Mogollon culture, abandoned 2nd half of the fifteenth c., excavated beginning 1980. Illustrates the evolution from pit-houses to a linear array of 15-17 rooms. The walls were coursed adobe; the floors were plastered caliche. Room 11 had metates and a mano for grinding corn. (Note that metates exist in the stone floors of caves of nearby Hueco Tanks as well.) Located in El Paso County, Texas.

Linguistic affiliation

The clearest division between Puebloans relates to the languages they speak. Pueblo peoples speak languages from four distinct language families, which means these languages are completely different in vocabulary, grammar, and most other linguistic aspects. As a result, each Pueblo language is often completely unintelligible to the other languages, with English now working as the lingua franca of the region.

• Keresan: family to which Western and Eastern Keres belong, considered by some a language isolate consisting of a dialect continuum spoken at the pueblos of Acoma, Laguna, Santa Ana, Zia, Cochiti, Kewa, and San Felipe.
• Kiowa-Tanoan: stock to which the Tanoan (or Puebloan) branch belongs, consisting of three separate sub-branches:
  • Towa: currently solely spoken at Jemez Pueblo.
  • Tewa: the most widespread Tanoan language with several dialects, spoken at Ohkay Owingeh, San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, Tesuque, Nambé, and Pojoaque Pueblos.
  • Tiwa: the only Tanoan sub-branch consisting of separate languages:
    • Northern Tiwa: a language with two dialects, one spoken at Taos and the other at Picuris.
    • Southern Tiwa: also consisting of two dialects, spoken at Sandia and Isleta Pueblos.
• Uto-Aztecan: stock to which Hopi belongs, spoken exclusively at Hopi Pueblo.
• Zuni: family to which Zuni belongs; it is a language isolate, currently spoken exclusively at Zuni Pueblo.