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Fitxategi:Hayden-Asphalt.jpg

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English: Studio publicity portrait of Sterling Hayden for The Asphalt Jungle (1950 film).
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Additional source information:

This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]
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  • 2010ko urriaren 31 (Jatorrizko igoera-data)
  • 2006ko abenduaren 27a (according to Exif data)
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This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.

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  • 2010-10-31 07:52 (UTC) | Wikiwatcher1 | 474571 (bytes) | 1346×1800 | {{commons ok}} {{Information |Description = Studio publicity portrait for film ''Modern Times'' |Author = Studio publicity still |Date = 1950 |Source =[http://www.doctormacro.com/Images/Hayden,%20Sterling/Annex/Annex%20-%20Hayden,%2

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31 urria 2010

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Data/OrduaIruditxoaNeurriakErabiltzaileaIruzkina
oraingoa12:36, 11 iraila 202312:36, 11 iraila 2023 bertsioaren iruditxoa1.346 × 1.752 (365 KB)BeaoCropped 3 % vertically using CropTool with lossless mode. Removed border.
09:39, 8 abuztua 201109:39, 8 abuztua 2011 bertsioaren iruditxoa1.346 × 1.800 (463 KB)SreeBot

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