Glukosa: berrikuspenen arteko aldeak
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{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 480476804
| Name = <small>D</small>-Glukosa
| ImageFile1=Alpha-D-glucopyranose-2D-skeletal.png
| ImageSize1 = 200
| ImageCaption1 = α-D-glucopyranosa
| ImageFile2 = Alpha-D-Glucopyranose.svg
| ImageSize2 = 120
| ImageCaption2 = Haworthen proiekzioa
| ImageFile3 = D-glucose-chain-2D-Fischer.png
| ImageSize3 = 100
| ImageCaption3 = Fischerren proiekzioa
| PIN = <small>D</small>-Glucose
| SystematicName = (2''R'',3''S'',4''R'',5''R'')-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal
| OtherNames = Odolaren azukrea<br />Destrosa<br />Artoaren azukrea<br /><small>D</small>-Glukosa<br />Mahatsaren azukrea
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = Glc
| CASNo = 50-99-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 5793
| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|PubChem}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5589
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = 5SL0G7R0OK
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1222250
| EINECS = 200-075-1
| MeSHName = Glucose
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 4167
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = C00031
| RTECS = LZ6600000
| ATCCode_prefix = B05
| ATCCode_suffix = CX01
| ATC_Supplemental = {{ATC|V04|CA02}}, {{ATC|V06|DC01}}
| SMILES = OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
| SMILES1 = C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N
| Beilstein = 1281604
| Gmelin = 83256
| 3DMet = B04623
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=6|H=12|O=6
| Appearance = Hauts zuria
| ExactMass = 180.063388
| MeltingPt = α-<small>D</small>-glukosa: 146 °C (295 °F; 419 K) <br />β-<small>D</small>-glukosa: 150 °C (302 °F; 423 K)
| Density = 1.54 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 909 g/1 L ({{convert|25|C}})
| Dipole moment = 8.6827
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −1271 kJ/mol <ref>{{erreferentzia| abizena1 = Ponomarev | izena1 = V. V. | abizena2 = Migarskaya | izena2 = L. B. | izenburua = Heats of combustion of some amino-acids | aldizkaria = Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) | urtea = 1960 | liburukia = 34 | orrialdea = 1182–83}}.</ref>
| DeltaHc = −2805 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 209.2 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name="Boerio-Goates 1991 403–9">{{erreferentzia | abizena = Boerio-Goates | izena = Juliana | izenburua= Heat-capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline α-D-glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K | aldizkaria = J. Chem. Thermodynam. | urtea = 1991 | liburukia = 23 | alea = 5 | orrialdea = 403–9 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80128-4}}.</ref>
| HeatCapacity = 218.6 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name="Boerio-Goates 1991 403–9"/>
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0865.htm ICSC 0865]
| EUIndex = Ez dago
| NFPA-H = 0
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
}}
}}
'''Glukosa''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) formula duen [[karbono hidrato|gluzidoa]] da, "mahatsaren azukrea" izenarekin ere ezagutzen dena. Fruta askotan dago, eta eginkizun garrantzitsua betetzen du landare zein animalien [[metabolismo]]an. Gizakiaren [[odol]]ean eta [[gibel]]ean agertzen da, odoleko kontzentrazio normala 0,8-1,1 gramo litroko izanik.
5 ⟶ 78 lerroa:
Glukosa [[hexosa]] bat da, 6 [[atomo]] karbono duen gluzidoa, alegia. [[Fruktosa]]ren formula bera du, baina egitura kimiko desberdina (glukosa [[aldosa]] baita, eta fruktosa [[zetosa]] bat).
Eskuineko irudian glukosaren formula lineala ikus daiteke. [[Ur]]-disoluzioan, berriz, [[hexosa]] guztiek egituraz aldatzen dute, [[molekula]] bereko [[aldehido]] eta [[hidroxilo|alkoholaren]] arteko erreakzioa dela eta. Horrela, molekula barnean hemiazetal bat sortzen da, eta molekulak egitura ziklikoa hartzen du. Haworthen formularen bitartez marrazten dira egitura zikliko hauek.
== Funtzioak ==
Glukosa erreserba energetiko garrantzitsua da, animalietan [[glukogeno]] moduan eta landareetan [[almidoi]] moduan metatzen dena. Zelularen energia-iturri nagusia da, bere [[katabolismo]]an izaki bizidunek behar duten energia askatzen baita.
31 ⟶ 102 lerroa:
== Glizemia ==
== Erreferentziak ==
{{erreferentzia_zerrenda}}
{{commonskat}}
[[Kategoria:Monosakaridoak]]
[[Kategoria:Aldehidoak]]
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