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Pluton (planeta nanoa): berrikuspenen arteko aldeak

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{{Infobox planet
{{erreferentzia falta}}
| name = Pluton
{| border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em" width=400px
| symbol = [[File:Pluto symbol.svg|25px|Plutonen ikur astronomikoa]]
|-----
| image = [[File:Pluto animiert 200px.gif]]
|
| caption = Ordenagailuz eratutako Plotonen irudia<ref>Drawn from [[Hubble space telescope|Hubble]] images, synthesized true color{{efn|name=HST-SynColours}} and among the highest resolutions possible with current technology.</ref>
{| align=right rules=all cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background-color: #DEE8F7"
| discovery = yes
! colspan="3" bgcolor="#003399" | <font color=white size=4>Pluton</font>
| discoverer = [[Clyde Tombaugh|Clyde W. Tombaugh]]
|-----
| discovered = 1930-02-18
! bgcolor="#000000" colspan="2" | [[Fitxategi:Pluto-picture.jpg|250px|Pluton eta Karonte]]
| bgcolour= #D3D3D3
|-----
| mp_name = '''134340 Pluton'''
! bgcolor="#7fa9e0" colspan="2" | Aurkikuntza
| named_after = [[Pluton (jainkoa)|Pluton]]
|-----
| mp_category =
! align="left" | Aurkitzailea
|* [[Clydeplaneta Tombaughnano]]a
* [[Neptuno ondorengo objektu]]a
|-----
* [[plutoide]]a
! align="left" | Aurkikuntza-data
* [[Kuiperren gerrikoa]]
| [[1930]]eko [[Otsailaren 18]]a
* [[plutino]]a
|-----
| orbit_ref =<ref name="horizons" />
! bgcolor="#7fa9e0" colspan="2" | Ezaugarri [[orbita]]lak
| epoch = [[J2000]]
|-----
| aphelion =
! align="left" | Eguzkirako batez besteko distantzia
{{plainlist |
| 39,48168677 [[Unitate astronomiko|UA]]
* {{val|7311000000|u=km}}
|-----
* {{val|48.871|u=UA}}
! align="left" | Batez besteko erradioa
}}
| 5.906.376.272 [[kilometro|km]]
| perihelion =
|-----
{{plainlist |
! align="left" | [[Eszentrikotasun]]a
* {{val|4437000000|u=km}}
| 0,24880766
* {{val|29.657|u=UA}}
|-----
* (1989 Sep 05)<ref name="jpl-ssd-horizons" />
! align="left" | Orbita periodoa
}}
| 248 urte 197 egun 5,5 ordu
| semimajor =
|-----
{{plainlist |
! align="left" | Batez besteko abiadura orbitala
* {{val|5874000000|u=km}}
| 4,7490 km/s
* {{val|39.264|u=UA}}
|-----
}}
! align="left" | Inklinazioa
| eccentricity = {{val|0.244671664}} (J2000)<br>0.248&nbsp;807&nbsp;66 (batezbeste)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| 4,7490 °
| inclination =
|-----
{{plainlist |
! align="left" | Satelite kopurua
* {{val|17.151394|u=°}}
| 4
* (11.88° Eguzkiaren ekuatorera)
|-----
}}
! bgcolor="#7fa9e0" colspan="2" | Ezaugarri fisikoak
| asc_node = {{val|110.28683|u=°}}
|-----
| arg_peri = {{val|113.76349|u=°}}
! align="left" | [[Diametro]]a
| 2.320period km=
{{plainlist |
|-----
* {{val|90465|u=days}}<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /><ref name="planet_years" />
! align="left" | Azalera
* {{val|247.68}} [[juliotar urte (astronomia)|urte]]<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| 1,795×10<sup>7</sup> km²
* {{val|14164.4|u=Plutoneko [[eguzki-egun]]}}<ref name="planet_years" />
|-----
}}
! align="left" | [[Masa]]
| synodic_period = 366.73 egun<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| 1,29×10<sup>22</sup> [[kg]]
| avg_speed = 4.7&nbsp;km/s<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
|-----
| mean_anomaly = {{val|14.86012204|u=°}}<ref name="mean_anomaly" />
! align="left" | [[Dentsitate]]a
| satellites = 5
| 2,05 g/cm³
| physical_characteristics = yes
|-----
| mean_radius =
! align="left" | [[Grabitate]]a azalean
{{plainlist |
| 0,6 m/s²
* {{val|1184|10|u=km}}<ref name="lellouch">{{cite journal |last=Lellouch |first=Emmanuel
|-----
|first2=Catherine |last2=de Bergh |first3=Bruno |last3=Sicardy
! align="left" | Errotazio periodoa
|display-authors=3
| 6 egun 9 ordu 17,6 minutu
|first4=François |last4=Forget |first5=Mélanie |last5=Vangvichith |first6=Hans U.<!-- Ullrich --> |last6=Käufl
|-----
| title=Exploring the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of methane in Pluto's atmosphere
! align="left" | Ardatz-inklinazioa
| format=PDF | journal=Icarus | date=13 Mar 2014 | doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.027| arxiv=1403.3208 }}</ref>
| 119,61°
* 0.18 Lur
|-----
* 1161 km<ref name="Young2007" /> (solidoa)
! align="left" | [[Albedo]]a
}}
| 0,30
| surface_area =
|-----
{{plainlist |
! align="left" | [[Ihes-abiadura]]
* {{val|1.665|e=7|u=km2}}=
| 1,2 km/s
* 0.033 Lur
|-----
}}
! align="left" | Azal [[tenperatura]]
| volume =
|
{{plainlist |
{| style="background: #DEE8F7" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" width="100%"
* {{val|6.39|e=9|u=km3}}=
|-----
* {{val|0.0059|u=Lur}}
! min.
}}
! batazb.
| mass =
! max.
{{plainlist |
|-----
* {{val|1.305|0.007|e=22|u=kg}}<ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006" />
| 33 K || 44 K || 55 K
* {{val|0.00218|u=Lur}}
|}
* 0.178 Ilargi
|-----
}}
! bgcolor="#7fa9e0" colspan="2" | Ezaugarri [[atmosfera|atmosferikoak]]
| density = {{val|2.03|0.06|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006" />
|-----
| surface_grav =
! align="left" | Presio atmosferikoa
{{plainlist |
| 0 - 0,0003 kPa
* {{Gr|13.05|1153}} [[azelerazio|m/s<sup>2</sup>]]
|-----
* 0.067 [[g indar|g]]
| [[Nitrogeno]]a || %90
}}
|-----
| escape_velocity = 1,23&nbsp;km/s
| Metanoa || %10
| sidereal_day =
|}
{{plainlist |
|}
* {{val|-6.387230|u=day}} <small>([[atzeranzko higidura|atzeranzkoa]])</small>
 
* 6 d, 9 h, 17 m, 36 s
}}
| rot_velocity = 47.18&nbsp;km/h
| axial_tilt = {{val|119.591|0.014|u=°}} (orbitara)<ref name="BuieGrundyYoung_2006" />
| right_asc_north_pole = 312.993°<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
| declination = 6.163°<ref name="SeidelmannArchinalA'hearn_2007" />
| albedo = 0.49 to 0.66 (geom. 35% alda daiteke)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /><ref name="Hamilton" />
| magnitude = 13.65<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" /> to 16.3<ref name="AstDys-Pluto" /> <br /> (15.1 batez beste)<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| abs_magnitude = −0.7<ref name="jpldata" />
| angular_size = 0.065″ - 0.115″<ref name="Pluto Fact Sheet" />
| pronounced =
| adjectives =
| atmosphere = yes
| temperatures = yes
| temp_name1 = [[Kelvin]]
| min_temp_1 = 33 K
| mean_temp_1 = 44 K (−229 °C)
| max_temp_1 = 55 K
| surface_pressure = 0.30 [[pascal (unitatea)|Pa]] (udako gehiengoa)
| atmosphere_composition = [[nitrogeno]]a, [[metano]]a, [[karbono monoxido]]a<ref name="Physorg April 19, 2011" />
|note = no
}}
'''Pluton''' [[Kuiper gerriko]]ko objekturik handiena da, eta [[Eguzkia]] zuzenean orbitatzen behatu diren gorputz handienetan hamargarrena. [[Planeta nano]] ezagunen artean, tamainaz bigarrena da ([[Eris (planeta nanoa)|Eris]] da lehena). Kuiper gerrikoko beste objektuak bezala, Pluton arrokaz eta izotzez osatua da nagusiki. Plutonek bost [[satelite]] ditu: [[Nix (satelitea)|Nix]], [[Hidra (satelitea)|Hidra]], [[Karonte (satelitea)|Karonte]], Zerbero eta Estigia.
 
95 ⟶ 117 lerroa:
 
[[Clyde Tombaugh]] [[astronomo]]ak aurkitu zuen [[1930]]ean, [[Arizona]]ko (Ameriketako Estatu Batuak) [[Lowell behatoki]]tik, [[Neptuno]]ren orbita azaltzearren ''X planeta'' baten bila ari zela. Plutonen orbita-eszentrikotasun handiak eguzkitik hurbilen dagoen zortzigarrena bihurtzen du orbitaren zati batean; hau da, Neptunoren orbita zeharkatzen du aldizka: azken aldiz, 1979ko otsailaren 17tik 1999ko otsailaren 11ra bitartean.
 
== Erreferentziak ==
{{erreferentzia zerrenda
| zabalera = 30em
| erreferentziak =
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
}}
 
===Oharrak===
{{erreferentzia zerrenda|taldea=lower-alpha}}
 
{{Eguzki sistema aurkibidea}}
"https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluton_(planeta_nanoa)"(e)tik eskuratuta