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Alfabeto greko

idazteko sistema fonetikoa, 24 hizki, bokalak eta kontsonanteak, greziera idazteko eta inguruko beste hizkuntza batzuk idazteko erabiltzen da

Alfabeto grekoa greziera idazteko erabiltzen den 24 letrako alfabetoa da. K.a. IX. mendean sortu zuten, feniziar alfabeto silabikoa garatuz. Greziarrek historiako lehendabiziko alfabeto osoa sortu zuten, non bokal eta kontsonante bakoitzak beren ikurra zuten.[1]

Alfabeto greko arkaikoa morko batean.

Egun oraindik erabilia da, bai grezierarako, bai zientzietarako ere (matematika, fisika, astronomia edo informatikarako).

LetrakAldatu

Letra grekoen izenak ez dira beti berdin idazten Euskal Herriaren inguruko hizkuntzetan. Izenak euskaraz nola idazten diren (eta baita haien ahoskera-ezaugarriak ere) Euskaltzaindiaren 173. arauan —«Astroen izenak»— ageri da : alfa, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, eta, teta, iota, kappa, lanbda, mu, nu, xi, omikron, pi, ro, sigma, tau, upsilon, fi, khi, psi, omega.[2]

Letrak klasikoak
Larria Xehea Izena Ahoskera
А α Alfa /a/
B β Beta /b/
Γ γ Gamma /g/
Δ δ Delta /d/
E ε Epsilon /e/
Ζ ζ Zeta /z/
H η Eta /e/
Θ θ Teta /th/
I ι Iota /i/
K κ Kappa /k/
Λ λ Lambda /l/
M μ Mu /m/
N ν Nu /n/
Ξ ξ Xi /ks/
Ο ο Omikron /o/
Π π Pi /p/
Р ρ Ro /r/
Σ σ / ς Sigma /s/
Т τ Tau /t/
Υ υ Upsilon /u/
Φ φ Fi /ph/
Х χ Khi /kh/
Ψ ψ Psi /ps/
Ω ω Omega /o/
Letra zaharkituak
Larria Xehea Izena Ahoskera
Ϝ ϝ Vau edo Digamma /w/
Ϛ ϛ Stigma /st/
Ͱ ͱ Heta /h/
Ϻ ϻ San /s/
Ϙ ϙ Koppa edo Qoppa /k/
Ͳ ͳ Sampi /ss/
Ϸ ϸ Sho /sh/

ErreferentziakAldatu

  1. ↑ Navajas Twose, Eloísa; Sainz Varela, José Antonio. IDAZKERA ETA IDATZITAKOA. ARABAKO AGIRITEGI ZERBITZUA.
  2. ↑ «alfabeto grekoaren letrak eta letren izenak - Euskara Batuaren Eskuliburua» www.euskaltzaindia.eus (Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-27).

BibliografiaAldatu

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (1987). Essential Modern Greek Grammar. New York City, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-25133-2.
  • Cook, B. F. (1987). Greek inscriptions. University of California Press/British Museum.
  • Coulmas, Florian (1996). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-631-21481-6.
  • Daniels, Peter T; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press.
  • Dickey, Eleanor (2007). Ancient Greek Scholarship: A Guide to Finding, Reading, and Understanding Scholia, Commentaries, Lexica, and Grammatical Treatises, from Their Beginnings to the Byzantine Period. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-531293-5. "Aristophanes of Byzantium Greek diacritics."
  • Elsie, Robert (1991). "Albanian Literature in Greek Script: the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century Orthodox Tradition in Albanian Writing" (PDF). Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies. 15 (20): 20–35. doi:10.1179/byz.1991.15.1.20. S2CID 161805678.
  • Groton, Anne H. (2013). From Alpha to Omega: A Beginning Course in Classical Greek. Indianapolis, Indiana: Focus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-58510-473-4.
  • Hinge, George (2001). Die Sprache Alkmans: Textgeschichte und Sprachgeschichte (Ph.D.). University of Aarhus.
  • Jeffery, Lilian H. (1961). The Local Scripts of Archaic Greece: A Study of the Origin of the Greek Alphabet and Its Development from the Eighth to the Fifth Centuries B. C. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  • Keller, Andrew; Russell, Stephanie (2012). Learn to Read Greek, Part 1. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11589-5.
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  • Horrocks, Geoffrey (2010). "The Greek Alphabet". Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-3415-6.
  • Johnston, A. W. (2003). "The alphabet". In Stampolidis, N.; Karageorghis, V (eds.). Sea Routes from Sidon to Huelva: Interconnections in the Mediterranean 16th – 6th c. B.C. Athens: Museum of Cycladic Art. pp. 263–276.
  • Kristophson, Jürgen (1974). "Das Lexicon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis". Zeitschrift für Balkanologie. 10: 4–128.
  • Liddell, Henry G; Scott, Robert (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Macrakis, Stavros M (1996). "Character codes for Greek: Problems and modern solutions". In Macrakis, Michael (ed.). Greek letters: from tablets to pixels. Newcastle: Oak Knoll Press. p. 265.
  •   Mastronarde, Donald J. (2013). Introduction to Attic Greek (Second ed.). Berkeley, California, Los Angeles, California, and London, England: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-27571-3.
  • Mazon, André; Vaillant, André (1938). L'Evangéliaire de Kulakia, un parler slave de Bas-Vardar. Bibliothèque d'études balkaniques. Vol. 6. Paris: Librairie Droz. – selections from the Gospels in Macedonian.
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  • Sims-Williams, Nicholas (1997). "New Findings in Ancient Afghanistan – the Bactrian documents discovered from the Northern Hindu-Kush". Archived from the original on 2007-06-10.
  • Swiggers, Pierre (1996). "Transmission of the Phoenician Script to the West". In Daniels; Bright (eds.). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford: University Press. pp. 261–270.
  • Stevenson, Jane (2007). "Translation and the spread of the Greek and Latin alphabets in Late Antiquity". In Harald Kittel; et al. (eds.). Translation: an international encyclopedia of translation studies. Vol. 2. Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 1157–1159.
  • Threatte, Leslie (1980). The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions. Vol. I: Phonology. Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-007344-7.
  • Thompson, Edward M (1912). An introduction to Greek and Latin palaeography. Oxford: Clarendon.
  • Verbrugghe, Gerald P. (1999), "Transliteration or Transcription of Greek", The Classical World, 92 (6): 499–511, doi:10.2307/4352343, JSTOR 4352343
  • Voutiras, E. (2007). "The Introduction of the Alphabet". In Christidis, Anastasios-Phoivos (ed.). A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 266–276. ISBN 978-0-521-83307-3.
  • Winterer, Caroline (2010), "Fraternities and sororities", in Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W.; Settis, Salvatore (eds.), The Classical Tradition, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0
  • Woodard, Roger D. (2010), "Phoinikeia Grammata: An Alphabet for the Greek Language", in Bakker, Egbert J. (ed.), A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language, Oxford, England: Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 978-1-118-78291-0
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